When enough cells are damaged, overall functioning of the body is decreased. One or multiple theories may explain the aging process and characteristics as a wide range of factors that may affect aging such as genetics, random events, environment, lifestyle, and or habits. Nowadays there are no doubts that hormones play very important role in aging process. Here are the four principal theories of aging, each of which accounts for some aspects of the process. Athe human body cannot repair itself bmany parts of the body wear out from use cmany body functions benefit from use dmachines cannot grow old. Table 1 outlines the classification scheme referred to in this discussion. The pain caused by movement of the shoulder is the observation most likely a result of the patients practice of cutting his own firewood. It was further developed by one of us jm in what has become known as the mitochondrial theory of ageing. Like components of an aging car, parts of the body eventually wear out from repeated use, killing them and then the body. Wear and tear theories of aging free download as word doc. The free radical theory the crosslink or connective tissue theory clinker theory the wear and tear theory. Free medical consultation from 1,360 satellite monitoring centers.
Stochastic theories view aging as caused by a series of adverse changes in the cells that lead to replicative errors. The most widely accepted overall theory of aging is the evolutionary. Osteoarthritis is often referred to as the progressive disease of the joints. The wear and tear theory is one of the earlier attempts to explain biological aging changes. His original theory4 was based on a presumption that damage to the adult soma was unavoidable and that damage must accumulate over time. Pages in category theories of aging the following 31 pages are in this category, out of 31 total. The theory of aging is still wellaligned with what we know about the aging process, even with advancements made in recent years.
One or multiple theories may explain the aging process and characteristics as a wide range of factors that may affect aging such as genetics, random events, environment, lifestyle, andor habits. Wear and tear theories of aging theories that suggest that. The programme theory does not necessarily explain ageing as a slow loss of. Which of the following are considered to be wear and tear theories of aging.
So the wear and tear theory of aging was first introduced by dr. Disengagement theory it refers to the inevitable process where any of the relationships between an individual and other societal members are severed, and those remaining are changed in quality binstock et al, 1996p. The wear and tear theory of aging, one of several theories, asserts that the effects of aging are caused by progressive damage to cells and body systems over time. Modern biological theories of aging pubmed central pmc. With foreign inspections highest pharmaceutical mergers and acquisitions of 2019. Theories and mechanisms of aging ohio state university.
Weismann backed away from this theory later in his life and wrote instead of the loss of immortality in. Figure 3 1 activity theory suggests that remaining involved and engaged is a needed ingredient to a satisfying late life. To grow old or show signs of growing old websters new world dictionary, 2005. Nonprogrammed aging theories based on the insight of medawar as further. Theories of aging free radical theory cellular clock theory latest version of the wear and tear theory, it gives logical explanation for the damage done to cells over time. Free radicals, wear and tear, destructive dna damage, mechanism loss of mitochondria, cellular adaptation and stochastic theories are some of. Cellular theories the cellular theories propose that aging is a process that occurs because of cell damage. Thought that aging was due to changes in body humors that began in early lifethese changes caused a slow increase in dryness and coldness of the body roger bacon c. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Once they wear out, they can no longer function correctly. But the wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and the ageing. Autoimmune theory of aging geneticdevelopmental theory of aging theories of aging several theories may explain the normal aging process, either alone or in combination. Biological theories of aging human growth and development introduction aging is a biological phenomenon all the living things are undergoing. Evolutionary theory risk of mortality increases with time after reproduction genes that confer early benefits on reproductive fitness are selected, even if they cause deleterious eff l i lifffects later in life no selective pressure against genes that confer.
Osteoarthritis is a very common type of arthritis, which affects millions of people all over the world. Osteoarthritis is also called as wear and tear arthritis. Cancer versus cellular senescence tradeoff theory of aging. Psychology definition of wear and tear theory of aging.
Free radicals highly reactive molecules generated from oxygen metabolism damage proteins, enzymes, and dna. Sociological theories of aging activity theory havighurst and albrecht 1953 proposed one of the. Include the dimensions of wellness in relation to the specific chronic disease. This section outlines some of the most widely accepted and major theories of the causes of aging. Wear and tear aging theories many people believe that aging is simply the result of deterioration caused by wear and tear, oxidation, other molecular damage, or other unavoidable natural process that causes gradual degradation. Harmans theory, which now has various modifications, holds more weight than the rate of living theory or the wear and tear theory. Possibly combined with the reproductivecell cycle theory or the cellular senescence theory, a general understanding of why aging occurs can begin to emerge. Examples are dna damage from free radicals or just the wear and tear of daily life. Striated muscle, heart muscle, muscle fibers, nerve cells, and the brain are irreplaceable when destroyed by wear and tear or by mechanical or chemical injury carnes et al. Similar to the wear and tear idea, this theory says you are born with a certain amount of energy. If you drive it, it will begin to break down from general wear and tear.
These are several theories that try to explain the process of aging. It should be emphasized, however, that no single theory is entirely satisfactory. Wear and tear theory, where vital parts in our cells and tissues wear out resulting in ageing. Use, accidents, disease, radiation, toxins and other detrimental factors adversely affect different parts of the body in a stochastic fashion. Free radical theory of aging free radicals cause dna damage, cross linking of. Cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out resulting in aging. Wear and tear is an accumulation of errors and damage due to natural use. Aging theory handout wear and tear theory of aging what it. Test 4 developmental psychology flashcards quizlet. Modern biological theories of aging europe pmc article europe. These postmaturational diseases and disorders cause aging and death.
Like machines become damaged and eventually break down when utilized for a certain period of time, the wear and tear theory proposes that the human body also undergoes aging due to damage from accidents, diseases, radiation, toxic substances, food, and many other harmful substances when it is utilized for a long time. Yet there are other theories which, instead of viewing aging as a random wear and tear process, view aging as a more intentional process, a planned event. Osteoarthritis or wear and tear arthritistypescauses. August weismann, a german biologist, first introduced this theory in 1882. The wear and tear theory of aging was first introduced by dr. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Autoimmune reactions the primary organs of the immune system, the thymus and bone marrow, are affected by the aging process. There are now dozens of theories of aging to explain this inevitable fact of being human. Handbook of theories of aging edition 2 editors vern l. The idea that bodies wear out with age is so ancient, so pervasive, and so deeply rooted that it affects our thought in unconscious ways.
Indirect evidence for wearandtear theories of aging is provided by individuals who. There is still substantial scientific disagreement regarding even the basic nature of aging. Wear and tear theory the wear and tear theory of aging was first introduced by dr. We are not sure about anything in the world except the aging. This generates the weakening and ultimate demise of the organs, cells, and tissues. In about 85% of tumors, this evasion of cellular senescence is the result of upactivation of their telomerase genes. This question has baffled scientists for millennia. A poor diet, too much alcohol, and cigarette smoking are thought to accelerate natural wear and tear. C can live to be over 100 if we take care of ourselves.
Wear and tear can cause osteoarthritis when the cartilage that supports and cushions the joints of the hands, spine, hips, and knees wears away, causing bones to rub against each other. It fits with our experience and carries familiar patterns. We are approaching getting nearer to the death from the time of the birth onwards. In the past, scientists looked for a single theory that explained aging, but have realized that aging is a complex interaction of genetics, chemistry, physiology, and behavior. The wear and tear theory of aging, one of several theories, asserts that the effects of aging are caused by progressive damage to cells and body systems over. An older persons selfconcept is validated through participation in roles characteristic of. The other choices do not demonstrate continued use that is part of the wear and tear theory of aging. Concepts and theories of aging linkedin slideshare. Wear and tear theory of aging years of damage to cells, tissues, and organs wear them out, killing them, and then the body. This theory proposes that cells wear out over time because of continued use. Senescent cells within a multicellular organism can be purged by competition between cells, but this increases the risk of cancer. The wearandtear theory of aging sees aging as the result of chance. Biological theories of aging request pdf researchgate. Active older people are more satisfied and better adjusted than those who are not active, and 2.
Theories of human aging of molecules to society medcrave. This theory assumes that during aging vital parts of cells and tissues wear out resulting in the aging process and ultimately death. Wear and tear theories of aging senescence ageing scribd. In private schools the same kind of thing goes on, with the addition of foreign languages, and under the dull spur of discipline, without the aid of any such necessities as stimulate the pupils of what we are pleased to. Benign prostatic hypertrophy and wear and tear theory complete an essay on the chosen chronic disease benign prostatic hypertrophy and aging theory located in the relevant nursing theory.
Organismal senescence involves an increase in death rates andor a decrease in fecundity with increasing age, at least in the later part of an organisms life cycle. Aging itself is a leading cause of oa and its estimated that a third of people age 65 and older have osteoarthritis. In considering the different theories of aging, the wear and tear theory may at first appear to be the most reasonable. Satchel paige rrlearning objectives after reading this chapter, you should be able to r become familiar with the theories of aging and the distinction between normal aging and disease. The free radical theory of ageing is one of the most prominent and well studied. Wear and tear theory asserts that cells and tissues simply wear. These general groups have been presented in a variety of ways. The wearandtear theories describe aging as an accumulation of damage and garbage.
August weismann, a german biologist, in 1882, it sounds perfectly reasonable to many people even today, because this is what happens to most familiar things around them. It is very logical because it is what happens to the nonliving things that people observe around them i. Accidental theories of aging rely on chancethe notion that organisms get older by a series of random events. Legacy theories wear and tear and fundamental limitation theories. Aging is an extremely complex and multifactorial process that proceeds to the gradual deterioration in functions. The damage or error theory include 1 wear and tear theory. Wear and tear theories of biological aging propose that aging in humans and other animals is simply the result of universal deteriorative processes that operate in any organized system. This video gives a good introduction to the theories of aging. Aging theory handout wear and tear theory of aging what. The biology of aging age is a question of mind over matter. The neuroendocrine theory of aging and degenerative disease vladimir dilman, ward dean.
R apply your knowledge of the physical changes in the organ. The word senescence can refer either to cellular senescence or to senescence of the whole organism. Medical, wear and tear, age, gmk,good morning kuya, untv there is more to mornings than your. Gene theory, which considers aging to be the result of a sequential switching on and off of certain genes, with senescence being defined as the time when ageassociated deficits are. Study 24 terms theories of aging flashcards quizlet. Aging by program, where biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of aging. He believed that the body and its cells were damaged by overuse and abuse. Like machines become damaged and eventually break down when utilized for a certain period of time, the wearandtear theory proposes that the human body also undergoes aging due to damage from accidents, diseases, radiation, toxic substances, food, and many other harmful substances when it is utilized for a long time. It is important to know the causes of aging, because as with treating any disease one must first understand the problem, so that afterward the precise remedy can be applied. According to these theories, humans age for the same reasons and because of the same processes that cause aging in automobiles and exterior paint. Aug 01, 2010 so the wear and tear theory of aging was first introduced by dr. Free radicals, which inflict cellular damage, may be culpable. Freeradicals are oxygen molecules which have an unstable negative electron particle.
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